Introduction to Oestrogen

Oestrogen is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the development and regulation of the female reproductive system. It is primarily produced in the ovaries, although small amounts are also synthesised by the adrenal glands and fat tissues. Oestrogen belongs to a group of hormones called steroids and is essential for the healthy functioning of the female body.

One of the primary functions of oestrogen is to regulate the menstrual cycle. It stimulates the growth of the uterine lining during the first half of the cycle, preparing it for potential pregnancy. If fertilisation does not occur, oestrogen levels decline, triggering menstruation.

Oestrogen also plays a pivotal role in the development of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty. It promotes the growth of breasts, pubic and underarm hair, and contributes to the widening of the hips. Additionally, it enhances bone density, which is important for overall skeletal health.

Beyond reproductive functions, oestrogen influences various other bodily systems. It helps maintain healthy cholesterol levels by increasing the production of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or ‘good’ cholesterol while decreasing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or ‘bad’ cholesterol. Oestrogen also supports the health and elasticity of the skin, aids in the maintenance of healthy brain function and affects mood and emotional well-being.

During menopause, oestrogen levels decrease significantly, leading to a range of symptoms such as hot flushes, night sweats, vaginal dryness and sagging skin. Supplementing oestrogen levels can alleviate these symptoms and provide relief for menopausal women.

Imbalances in oestrogen levels can result in menstrual irregularities, infertility, mood swings and an increased risk of certain conditions like osteoporosis and breast cancer.